1º CLASE HISTORIA DE ESPAÑA 2º BAC ANSWERED QUESTIONS

1. Order chronologically the 5 main historical periods in the history of the world.
Prehistory, Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modern history and Contemporary Age.

2. Which two features are essential to Prehistory?
Hominization is completed, no written records.

3. Do the same thing with an Homo.
Big cranial volume, biped, vertical skeleton, molarization…

4. Where and when did the first Homo species appear in the Iberian Peninsula? When did Homo Sapiens finally arrive and with what consequences? SEE IMAGES AND TEXT P. 8
Atapuerca, Antecessor (800.000), Heidelbergensis (450.000).
40.000. Neanderthals extinct.

5. Why were caves permanent habitats during the Paleolithic? *
Because of the Ice Age.

6. Name the three features of any Paleolithic community.
Predators, Nomads, Collective, although disorganized.

7. Name the basic innovations and Homo species of each Paleolithic period:
Lower (worked tools), Middle (Neanderthalensis: Fire, Caves, Funerary rites), Upper (Sapiens: New materials, cave painting, Mobiliar Art).

8. Which is the most ancient paeninsular paleolithical deposit? *
Atapuerca.

9. Does Murcia contain any important deposit? From when? MAP P. 9
Yes. Sima de las Palomas (Neanderthalensis, Middle Paleolithic).

10. What is the name of paleolithical art? Why? *
Cave painting, for obvious reasons.

11. What has been the interpretation of cave paintings?
Sympathetic Magic for hunters, Sanctuaries.

12. Distinguish northern cave painting from the Levantine one.
Naturalist vs schematic. Narrative and using human figures (Levantine), Better use of color in the north.

13. Which is the most famous cave?
Altamira. Check Images p. 9

14. How and when does Neolithic arrive in our paeninsula?
5000 b.C. From the near east and out of indigenous evolution.

15. Essentially, what differs Paleolithic from Neolithic?
Agricultural output, Pottery, textile products and sedentarism. IMAGE P. 10UP

16. What differed in terms of habitat, Initial Neolithic from the following period?
At first, they lived in mountainous caves near the coast, then they colonized the interior and established themselves, in sedentary villages, in fertile plain lands.
17. As to material cultures, how did Neolithic evolve?
First, there´s the cardium or cardial pottery, then necropolis rise in importance, Pit Graves standing out.
18. How do we know they had division of labor? And Mining and Trade?
Rich findings in graves. SEE IMAGE P. 10 DOWN

19. Why did people in our peninsula become more sedentary? Name an example.
Because of agricultural improvement. Los Millares.
20. Copper metallurgy appears between the third and the second millennium b.C. What cultural and material forms appear associated to it?
Megalithism. The Campaniform Vase. SEE IMAGES P. 11 UP AND DOWN. ALSO IMG 25.

21. What technological innovation appears around 1700 b.C.? Why is it specially linked to Murcia?
Bronze. El Argar.
22. Remember, the great Copper material culture is….(Campaniform…), and the Great Bronze culture is…(Argar..).

23. Socially, what changes?
Hierarchization and development of small cities.

24. What is the other Bronze regional culture in what is now Spain?
The important megalithic Talayot culture from the Balearic Islands. IMG 11 CENTER.

25. There are two important migrations in our peninsula to the end of the second millennium (Bronze Final). Name them.
Indo-europeans through the north east and Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians through the Mediterranean.

26. What two important innovations came with them? Any local culture?
Iron metallurgy and Script. The Castro culture in the north.